Exploring Coffee Varieties: From Arabica to Liberica and Beyond
When we talk about coffee varieties, the names Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica usually come to mind. But did you know there are over 100 different types of coffee worldwide? Of these, about ten varieties are the most widely recognized.
So, what makes each variety different? The taste is certainly one factor—it can range from mild and aromatic to strong and bitter. The caffeine content varies, too, with some varieties offering a higher kick than others. And the climate and altitude where the coffee is grown play a big role in how it turns out. Some varieties thrive in high-altitude regions (like Arabica), while others prefer lower elevations.
While some coffee varieties are naturally occurring, many others have been created through cultivation or crossbreeding. Let’s dive into the most popular types of coffee on the market and explore their key differences.
The Coffee Varieties Explained
- Arabica: one of the best-known and most widely consumed coffee varieties in the world. It's the original coffee plant used to make coffee and tends to have a lower caffeine content than others. Arabica is native to Ethiopia, Sudan, and northern Kenya, but it's now grown in places like Arabia and Brazil, too. These plants typically grow in high-altitude regions (between 1,000 and 2,000 meters) and thrive in mineral-rich soils. Discover the exquisite flavor of Caffe Borbone's 100% Arabica Coffee Beans.
- Robusta: Robusta coffee didn’t hit the market until the 1800s, but it’s one of the best-selling varieties because it’s more affordable. Robusta plants grow easily in low-altitude areas (below 700 meters) and are resistant to disease. Originally from tropical Africa, Robusta is now grown in various countries. This variety has a higher caffeine content than Arabica and has a more bitter, stronger flavor.
- Liberica: a bit less common commercially but is often used in crossbreeding to create new coffee varieties. Originally from Liberia, it’s now mostly grown in Indonesia and the Philippines. This variety is very resistant to pests and thrives in hot, humid conditions. While the flavor quality of Liberica is considered lower than other varieties, it has a distinct, aromatic taste that many coffee enthusiasts enjoy.
- Excelsea: Excelsea coffee was discovered in 1903 in Africa and is considered a promising variety because it’s resistant to disease and drought. The beans of Excelsea produce a coffee similar to Arabica in fragrance. Though initially regarded as a type of Liberica, Excelsea is still considered a distinct variety today.
- Racemosa: Racemosa is an extremely rare coffee variety that originated in Mozambique. It grows on wild coasts, riverbanks, and rocky surfaces. This variety is unique because it has one of the lowest caffeine contents—just 0.38%, making it almost caffeine-free. Racemosa has a complex aroma, with notes of mint, licorice, and wood, and despite its bitterness, it’s surprisingly light.
- Stenophylla: Stenophylla is a coffee variety that’s nearly extinct due to its slow growing process—it takes about 9 years to ripen and bear fruit, which is much longer than Arabica (which takes 5 years) and Robusta (which takes about 4 years). Native to West Africa, Stenophylla produces a coffee with a flavor similar to tea, making it a rare but intriguing variety.
- Mauritian: Originating from the island of Mauritius, Mauritian coffee is gaining attention for its strong, bitter flavor and intoxicating aroma. It’s one of the most promising varieties and has a unique taste that’s both bold and captivating.
Other Notable Mentions
In addition to these main varieties, there are many others worth noting, including:
- Dewevrei: Originating in the Congo, this variety is still relatively rare and known for its unique flavors.
- Abeokutoe: Hailing from the Ivory Coast, this variety stands out for its bold profile.
- Cogencis: Another Congo native, the Cogencis variety is a more niche option with distinct qualities.
These lesser-known varieties each bring their own flair to the coffee world, contributing to the rich diversity of flavors and profiles available to coffee lovers.
The Bottom Line
When it comes to coffee, the variety you choose can drastically influence your experience. From the smooth, mild flavor of Arabica to the bolder, more bitter taste of Robusta, there’s a whole world of coffee waiting to be explored. Whether you’re after an energy boost or simply want to enjoy a relaxing cup, understanding the differences between these varieties will help you find your perfect brew. So go ahead, explore the rich diversity of coffee varieties out there—you never know which one will become your new favorite!
